Highly trained competitive middle-aged athletes underwent two 31-day isocaloric diets (HCLF or LCHF) in a randomized, counterbalanced, and crossover design while controlling calories and training load. High carbohydrate, low fat (HCLF) diets have been the predominant nutrition strategy for athletic performance, but recent evidence following multi-week habituation has challenged the superiority of HCLF over low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets, along with growing interest in the potential health and disease implications of dietary choice. 6Human Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.

5Nebraska Methodist Health System, Omaha, NE, United States.4Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.3Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.2Department of Medical and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.1Department of Exercise Science, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, United States.

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